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Thor (volcano)
Thor is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's anti-Jupiter hemisphere at . A major eruption with high thermal emission and a large, volcanic plume was observed during a ''Galileo'' flyby on August 6, 2001, when the spacecraft flew through the outer portions of the plume allowing for direct sampling. The eruption continued into ''Galileo'''s next flyby in October 2001. As seen during high-resolution images taken during the eruption, Thor consists of a series of dark lava flows emanating from a set of nearby volcanic depressions.〔 Before the eruption, the area consisted of red-brown plains, composed of irradiated sulfur, typical of Io's mid- to high-northern latitudes and a set of yellow flows, possibly consisting of sulfur or silicate flows covered by diffuse sulfur deposits. During the ''New Horizons'' encounter in February 2007, Thor was still active, with the spacecraft observing thermal emission in the near-infrared and a volcanic plume at the volcano.
Thor was named in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) after the Norse god of thunder, Thor.〔
==2001 eruption==
Prior to 2001, no active volcanic activity had been observed at Thor.〔 The appearance of the region had remained stable from ''Voyager'' observations of the region in 1979 through the ''Galileo'' mission until December 2000 at the latest. In the first detailed observation of Thor, taken in July 1999, several bright, yellow flows were mapped. These flows either consist primarily of sulfur, or are cooled silicate flows coated in sulfur that has condensed on them.〔 Either way, no changes at these flows were observed in their size, color, or distribution through the end of 2000, suggesting that these flows were emplaced before the ''Voyager'' encounters.〔〔 No thermal emission had ever been observed at Thor as late as May 2001, so the eruption observed later that year must have started after those observations.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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